Figure 1 (IMAGE) Institute for Basic Science Caption Increasing calcium in hippocampal astrocytes induces co-release of D-serine and glutamate through Best1. Glutamate released from CA3 neurons can induce local norepinephrine release by activating presynaptic AMPAR in the LC terminal. The astrocytes increase the NMDAR tone, which is important for homo- and hetero-synaptic long-term depression (LTD) in nearby synapses. Credit Institute for Basic Science Usage Restrictions Attribution Required License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.