Protons Help Worms Defecate (IMAGE) University of Utah Caption The top diagram shows the cross-section of worm, including muscles that surround the intestine to help the worm defecate. The bottom diagram shows how protons act like neurotransmitters. The protons are pumped out of the intestine and then bind to receptors on the surrounding muscle. The receptors open to form holes or Credit Glen Ernstrom, University of Utah. Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.