(IMAGE)

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)

Caption

This semiconductor structure can measure single electrons and their respective charge. Four "single-electron pumps" are integrated onto the chip; each of them has three gate electrodes (colored in green) crossing a semiconductor wire (blue). The pumped electrons are detected with the aid of three single-electron detectors (grey).

Credit

(Fig.: PTB)

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