Single-Electron Pumps and Detectors (IMAGE) Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Caption This semiconductor structure can measure single electrons and their respective charge. Four "single-electron pumps" are integrated onto the chip; each of them has three gate electrodes (colored in green) crossing a semiconductor wire (blue). The pumped electrons are detected with the aid of three single-electron detectors (grey). Credit (Fig.: PTB) Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.