Which Forces Formed the Bend? (IMAGE) GFZ Helmholtz-Zentrum für Geoforschung Caption Simulating the Hawaiian-Emperor Bend explains that the bend was formed through changes both of the direction of the lithospheric plates and some motion of the hotspot beneath the plates. Credit T. Torsvik et al. (GFZ) Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.