Three Approaches for Synthesizing NCAs (IMAGE) Tokyo Institute of Technology Caption Approaches for synthesizing NCAs under acidic conditions (top), basic conditions (bottom), and basic-to-acidic conditions obtained via flash switching (middle). The approach proposed in this work benefits from the advantages of both the other approaches. Credit Shinichiro Fuse Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.