A Schematic Phase Diagram of Quantum Spin Ice (IMAGE)
Caption
Figure three shows a schematic phase diagram of quantum spin ice. Spin ice materials, Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, (a red arrow) are considered to behave as a classical Coulomb liquid and the quantum nature of spins can be ignored. A quantum spin ice material Yb2Ti2O7 (a blue arrow) undergoes a phase transition to ferromagnetic Higgs phase because of a weak quantum nature of spins. In the magnetic Coulomb liquid regime, north poles (red balls) and south poles (blue balls) behave as fractionalized but unstable particles. In the ferromagnetic Higgs phase, north and south poles become stably condensed, tilting spins from the “in” and “out” (red arrows with blue bars).
Credit
RIKEN
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