DMBQ Induces CARD1-Dependent Defenses (IMAGE) RIKEN Caption Surface temperature of leaves 3 hours after exposure to DMBQ. The surface temperature was lower in the card1-2 mutants (top heat images) than in wildtype plants (bottom heat images). Higher temperature indicates closed pores (stomata) in the leaves, a typical defense that blocks invaders from entering the plant. Credit RIKEN Usage Restrictions credit RIKEN License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.