NAPPA in Action (IMAGE) Arizona State University Caption First, protein-coding circular fragments of DNA known as plasmids are spotted onto the array surface. These are the blueprints required for the protein library. In the next step, a transcription/translation coating is applied, initiating protein production at the moment the assay is being conducted. Patient blood is then added to the array and the protein-antibody binding events observed. Credit The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.