Ripplocation Edge-on Loading (IMAGE) Drexel University Caption SImulated nanoidentation of copper, magnesium, and graphite. Copper deforms primarily through dislocations, resulting in large permanent plastic deformation. Magnesium deforms through a combination of twinning and dislocation activity. Some, but not all twinning is reversible. Graphite deforms through bulk ripplocations, resulting in complete recovery even with double indentation amplitude. Credit Drexel University Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.