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Effect of trigonelline on SCI-induced changes in spinal cord histology. Spinal cord microscopic imaging of normal (A), sham (B), SCI control (C), methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) (D), trigonelline (100 mg/kg) (E), and trigonelline (200 mg/kg) (F)-treated rats stained with H&E (40×). Quantitative representation of spinal cord histology (G). Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=3), and one-way ANOVA followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for post-hoc comparisons. #P<0.05 compared to the normal group, &P<0.05 compared to the sham group, *P<0.05 compared to the SCI group. Neuronal loss or degeneration (black arrow), inflammatory cell infiltration (red arrow) and prominent necrosis (yellow arrow).
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Effect of trigonelline on SCI-induced alterations in mRNA expression of Bax (A), Bcl-2 (B), Bax: Bcl-2 ratio (C), caspase-3 (D), COX-Ⅱ(E), and BDNF (F) in the spinal cord of rats. Data are expressed as mean±SEM (n=6) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple range test for post-hoc comparisons. #P<0.05 compared to the normal group, &P<0.05 compared to the sham group, *P<0.05 compared to the SCI group. Bax: Bcl2 associated X; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma-2; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 1, marker; 2, N; 3, S; 4, SCI; 5, MP30; 6, T50; 7, T100; 8, T200.
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