Figure 4. Closed-loop seizure control system capable of apposite tFUS modulation utilizing neurosignal feedback (IMAGE)
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A. An illustration of the customized headstage system incorating with the SMCA sensor and a tFUS transducer for closed-loop neural recording and feedback neurostimulation. (Inset) A corresponding image shows the portable closed-loop therapeutic system applied to an awake freely moving rat. B. Schematics and corresponding conceptual plots of neural signals from the soft ECoG devices (top, the conventional device without tissue adhesion and conformability; bottom, the SMCA sensor) as a function of time under tFUS stimulation. C. Schematic illustrations of conceptual ECoG plot recorded from the SMCA sensor during closed-loop tFUS seizure suppression in an awake rodent model. D. Timetrace plot of 16-channel ECoG signals recorded from the SMCA sensor for a case of closed-loop seizure control based on 3-level tFUS protocol modulation, applied to the awake epileptic rodent model. E. Detailed ECoG trace from single-channel in the SMCA sensor during closed-loop seizure control. Magnified plots show 5-sec cropped neural activities corresponding to major phase of seizure epoch during closed-loop tFUS neurostimulation.
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