Graphical abstract (IMAGE) Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Caption A model illustrating short-distance, directional vesicle transport via phase separation: a schematic diagram (upper) depicting regulated transport of vesicles from one compartment (“sub-compartment A”) to another compartment (“sub-compartment B”) via a transition compartment via phase separation and a model(lower) summarizing Pclo-mediated SV transport from the reserve pool to the readily releasable pool in response to Ca2+ concentration rise in presynaptic boutons. Credit HKUST Usage Restrictions None License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.