Figure 4: Wearable ear-EEG based BCIs and their medical applications (IMAGE)
Caption
(a-b) Scientists from Imperial College London designed two kinds of in-the-ear electrodes. (c) Debener and Bleichner et al. from the University of Oldenburg designed a flexible c-shape ear-EEG acquisition sensor (cEEGrid) (d) Kaongoen et al. from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology designed an online BCI system based on the behind the ear electrodes. (e) Mirkovic et al. from University of Oldenburg developed an ear-EEG BCI for the attended speaker identifying, and the positive correlation of the performance scores was evident. (f) Nogueira et al. from Hannover Medical School evaluated the BCI system in attention selection with cEEGrid, and only half of both the cochlear implant (CI, right) and normal-hearing (NH, left) users obtained decoding accuracies above the chance level.
Credit
(a) Used with permission of IEEE, from An in-the-ear platform for recording electroencephalogram, Looney et al., 2011; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (b) Used with permission of IEEE, from In-ear EEG from viscoelastic generic earpieces: robust and unobtrusive 24/7 monitoring, Looney et al., 2015; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (c) ©2021 Taylor & Francis Ltd. Reprinted, with permission, from Knierim et al. (d) ©2022 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Reprinted, with permission, from Kaongoen et al. (e) ©2016 Frontiers. Reprinted, with permission, from Mirkovic et al. (f) ©2019 Frontiers. Reprinted, with permission, from Nogueira et al.
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