Impacts of nitrogen and CO2 enrichment on plant aboveground biomass and its aridity threshold (IMAGE)
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Measured plant aboveground biomass (a) and comparisons of aridity threshold values (b) under ambient and nitrogen (N) enrichment treatments (n = 167 sites). Remotely sensed and random forest model-simulated leaf area index (c), and comparisons of aridity threshold values (d) under high (401 ppm) and low (341 ppm) CO2 levels. The two comparisons are based on paired datasets of high vs. low N/CO2 levels. Data were log-transformed to conform to normality. Box plots in (b) and (d) show the median, upper and lower quartiles, with outlier values represented by black dots. Different letters indicate significant differences in aridity thresholds between high versus low N levels (p < 0.001).
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