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Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology

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Caption

(A) Major fossil evidence for insects and plant-insect associations are presented with labeled points, with special reference to holometabolous insect orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera) and foliar endophytic damage. Genomic estimates of the origin of the major leaf mining orders are given in pink (Coleoptera), orange (Hymenoptera) and blue (Lepidoptera). (B) Fossil pinnule mines on Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri. (MCZ 198877a) from the Rhode Island Formation in Massachusetts, U.S.A.

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Anshuman Swain

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