image: Human imaging examples of performance of uEXPLORER total-body PET scanner. (A) Axial slice from 18F-fluciclovine PET image (right), with corresponding fused image (middle) and CT image (left), of 68-y-old patient with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, demonstrating clear visualization of 18F-flucicovine accumulation within 2.5-mm-diameter pulmonary nodule. (B) Maximum-intensity projection of representative clinical oncology 18F-FDG PET scan reconstructed with 20-, 5-, and 2.5-min durations, of 59-y-old patient with lung cancer. Images show primary tumor in left lower lobe of lung (dashed circle), with multiple variable-sized (0.8-6 cm) hilar, mediastinal, and lower esophageal nodal metastases (arrows) and ~1-cm 18FFDG-avid left adrenal nodule (arrowhead), which is visualized for all scan durations. view more
Credit: Image created by Y. Abdelhafez and B.A. Spencer, EXPLORER Molecular Imaging Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA
Reston, VA--A performance evaluation of the uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT scanner showed that it exhibits ultra-high sensitivity that supports excellent spatial resolution and image quality. Given the long axial field of view (AFOV) of the uEXPLORER, study authors have proposed new, extended measurements for phantoms to characterize total-body PET imaging more appropriately. This research was published in the June issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
uEXPLORER is the world's first commercially available total-body PET scanner. The scanner has an AFOV of 194 cm, which allows PET data collection from the entire human body simultaneously and greatly increases PET scanner sensitivity.
Characterization of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners has commonly followed the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2018 standard, which defines a set of experiments and analyses using standardized imaging phantoms. This permits valid comparisons between different PET systems. In this study, researchers utilized phantoms to assess the uEXPLORER's sensitivity, count-rate performance, time-of-flight resolution, spatial resolution, image quality and accuracy of corrections based on NEMA NU 2-2018 standards. Human studies were also conducted for further characterization.
"Our results with the uEXPLORER PET/CT system show a major gain in sensitivity compared to conventional PET systems, approximately 15 to 68-fold higher than others," noted Eric Berg, PhD, project scientist in biomedical engineering at the University of California, Davis. "We documented excellent spatial resolution that is well supported by the increased image signal to noise ratio. Additionally, post-reconstruction image smoothing was unnecessary in both phantom and human imaging studies."
Although the NEMA NU 2-2018 measurements were performed in this characterization of the uEXPLORER scanner, these standards are defined only for PET scanners with an AFOV of no more than 65 cm and are not well suited for long-AFOV scanners, like the 194-cm-long uEXPLORER. As part of the study, researchers devised a set of additional informative phantom measurements that to evaluate uEXPLORER more accurately for total-body PET imaging.
"This work provides a benchmark for testing the performance of long axial field of view scanners, which are set to revolutionize the capabilities of PET scanning. Understanding their performance is essential for improving the quality of scans, scanning more quickly, scanning with lower activity, or scanning much later after radiotracer injection," said Ramsey D. Badawi, PhD, vice-chair for research in the department of radiology at the University of California, Davis.
He continued, "These capabilities have the potential to significantly improve patient care in all the areas where PET is currently used, and in addition in new areas, such as autoimmune disease, metabolic disease and other chronic conditions where historically dose considerations have excluded it's use."
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This study was made available online in October 2020 ahead of final publication in print in June 2021.
The authors of "Performance Evaluation of the uEXPLORER Total-Body PET/CT Scanner Based on NEMA NU 2-2018 with Additional Tests to Characterize PET Scanners with a Long Axial Field of View" include Benjamin A. Spencer, Ramsey Badawi and Simon R. Cherry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, and Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Eric Berg, Negar Omidvari and Edwin K. Leung, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; Jeffrey P. Schmall and Hongdi Li, United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, Texas; Yasser G. Abdelhafez and Terry Jones, Department of Radiology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Songsong Tang, Zilin Deng, Yun Dong, Yang Lv, Jun Bao and Weiping Liu, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China.
Funding for this work was provided by NIH grant R01 CA206187, which is supported by NCI, NIBIB, and the Office of the Director, and by R01 CA249422. UC Davis has a research agreement and a sales-based revenue-sharing agreement with United Imaging Healthcare.
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