Economists at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, economists found passers-by often donated more when paying via a digital platforms like apps, QR codes, PayPal and even Bitcoin, compared to the centuries' old payment method of loose coins.
Using data from the online platform The Busking Project, the study analysed individual payments to over three and half thousand active buskers from 121 countries to predict the characteristics of performers who were more likely to receive online donations.
The study found North America and Europe were home to the most active buskers and audiences on the platform, with buskers registered in the UK and USA having significantly higher prospects of receiving a donations.
The study also found:
- Circus performers received the biggest donations;
- Musicians were most likely to receive donations, but received smaller amounts compared to other types of artists;
- The number of other onlookers influenced if and how much passers-by donated;
- The artist's location and social media profile also impacted and influenced receiving a donation
- Artists who joined the platform after the World Health Organisation (WHO) announcement that COVID-19 was a pandemic in March 2020 were more likely to receive a donation, which ranged from US$1 to over US$500 and averaged at just over US$14.
Lead author Dr Meg Elkins said street performers had a critical role to play as cities looked to bring back the buzz to their CBDs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
"Buskers often exist on the cultural fringes and get little, if any funding, but can bring vibrancy to streets, squares and shopping strips as people walk from the train to their office or duck out during their lunch hour," Elkins said.
"Europe and America have well-established busking cultures from Covent Gardens in London, Mauerpark in Berlin, to the many and varied roving performers in New York's Washington Square Park and subway stations, and this time of year when the northern summer is beginning is when it's often at its finest.
"Buskers performing in public for coin is a centuries old practice, but they have to move online as our society becomes increasingly cashless.
"We know many street performers become personalities in their own right and we wanted to uncover how they could use digital payment systems to increase their online earnings and create more sustainable careers.
"Circus performers being more likely to attract online donations might be because they're better at incorporating that 'hat line' into their performance compared to musicians who are traditionally much more static."
Elkins, a Senior Lecturer in the School of Economics, Finance and Marketing at RMIT University and its the Behavioural Business Lab, said the findings were important as artists and the creative and cultural industries had to become more entrepreneurial to survive.
"In the future, we could see QR codes as part of the street performance, which would simplify the payment process even further," she said.
"More than 40 QR code trails are underway across Europe, the US and Australia.
"Digital platforms can potentially allow street performers to generate more generous donations beyond cash tips.
"They're also a great way for artists to interact with supporters and build that all important fan base, which can ultimately help sustain a career."
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'Beyond the realm of cash: Street performers and payments in the online world' with Tim R.L. Fry is published in the Journal of Cultural Economics (DOI: 10.1007/s10824-021-09421-8).
Journal
Journal of Cultural Economics