image: Image of cilia in a mouse brain using Scanning Electron Microscopy, imaged and processed by Calvin S. Carter. view more
Credit: Calvin S. Carter
Mice with symptoms that mimic Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) have difficulty with learning and generating new neurons in the hippocampus. However, according to a new study by Thomas Pak, Calvin Carter, and Val Sheffield of the University of Iowa, published April 22nd in the journal PLOS Genetics, these mental defects can be successfully treated with lithium.
BBS is a rare genetic disorder that causes intellectual disability, vision loss and obesity, and sometimes kidney problems and extra fingers and toes. It is one of several ciliopathies, which are diseases that stem from defective cilia--tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of cells that play important roles in moving fluids, sensing the environment and signaling between cells. Pak, Carter, Sheffield and colleagues wanted to learn more about how ciliopathies cause intellectual disability, so they studied a type of mouse with the same symptoms as people with BBS.
In the new study, the researchers showed that normal mice could quickly be trained to associate a specific environment to a fearful event, but the BBS mice had a harder time with fear memory. Further investigation showed that these learning problems come from an inability to make new neurons in the hippocampus. Treating the mice with lithium, however, increased cell production and improved their learning and memory.
Intellectual disability is the most common type of neurodevelopmental disorder, but few drugs are available to treat it. The new study suggests that lithium may be an effective treatment for the learning and memory defects caused by BBS, and the researchers suggest that further studies should be performed to test the use of this FDA-approved drug. The new findings also demonstrate a novel role for cilia in learning and memory in the brain, potentially improving our understanding of the mechanisms that cause intellectual disability.
Pak adds, "A mouse model of a cilia disease, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, has impaired fear memory and hippocampal neurogenesis. In this mouse model, lithium treatment improves fear memory and hippocampal neurogenesis."
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Peer-reviewed Experimental study Animals
In your coverage please use this URL to provide access to the freely available article in PLOS Genetics:
http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1009484
Citation: Pak TK, Carter CS, Zhang Q, Huang SC, Searby C, Hsu Y, et al. (2021) A mouse model of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has impaired fear memory, which is rescued by lithium treatment. PLoS Genet 17(4): e1009484. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009484
Funding: This work was supported by National Institute of Health grants (https://www.nih.gov/) RO1 EY011298 and R01 EY017168 (to VCS), and the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust (https://www.carvertrust.org) to VCS. The work was also supported and greatly facilitated by the core facilities funded by National Institute of Health grants (https://www.nih.gov/) P30 EY025580 (PI: VCS). AAP was supported by the Brockman Foundation (https://brockmanfoundation.org/), the Louis Stokes VA Medical Center resources and facilities(https://www.cleveland.va.gov/locations/directions.asp), project 19PABH134580006, and American Heart Association-Allen Initiative in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment (https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/frontiers-group/partnerships/aha-allen-initiative), NIH-NIA RO1AG066707. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Journal
PLOS Genetics