image: A North Atlantic right whale photographed in Cape Cod Bay, Mass. Trauma wounds are scarred over but still very evident, showing that non-lethal entanglement can still have serious health consequences. Additionally, the animal also shows baleen damage from an unknown source. view more
Credit: Photo: J. Durban, NOAA, and Holly Fearnbach, SR3. Permit # 17355-01
Woods Hole, Mass. (February 25, 2021) -- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) along with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries have released the first broad scale synthesis of available information derived from right whale health assessment techniques. The manuscript published today in the science journal Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, reviews available tools, and current understanding of the health status and trends of individual whales and the species. The paper concludes with recommendations for additional information needs and necessary management actions to enhance the health of individual right whales.
The manuscript is the result of a NOAA Fisheries workshop held in June 2019, in response to the ongoing North Atlantic right whale Unusual Mortality Event (UME) and the critically endangered status of the species. There are an estimated 366 left on the planet. Climate change, vessel strikes, entanglements and noise pollution can result in poor health and reproductive failure and are major threats to individuals and the species.
According to lead author Michael Moore, a whale trauma specialist at WHOI, "North Atlantic right whales face a serious risk of extinction, but there is hope if we can work together on solutions. Trauma reduction measures and applying new tools to assess their health are critically important to enhance the welfare of individual whales. If we can reduce the number of deaths, and successfully improve their health to increase reproduction, the current decline in population can be reversed."
"Conserving and recovering the critically endangered North Atlantic Right Whale is a research priority," said co-author Teri Rowles, NOAA Fisheries Senior Advisor for Marine Mammal Health Science. "In addition to the threats posed by humans, changing ocean conditions have profound impacts on where whales travel and how they behave. For these reasons, NOAA Fisheries was pleased to have hosted and sponsored this important workshop among partners to discuss how science can aid management."
Bringing together the data and results from existing monitoring tools like aerial and vessel photography, animal sampling and prey dynamics, in the context of vessel and fishing gear trauma offers researchers a better understanding of the challenges, and possible solutions. These include a greater emphasis in slowing vessels and changing their tracks where risk of collision exists; reducing entanglement by closing more high-risk areas to fixed fishing gear that retains rope in the water column; and reducing fishing gear density and strength in other areas.
North Atlantic right whales feed in the waters off New England and Eastern Canada and migrate to the waters off the Southeastern United States to give birth in the winter. NOAA Fisheries has designated two critical habitat areas for the North Atlantic population of right whales, including off the coast of New England and off the southeast U.S coast from North Carolina to below Central coastal Florida.
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Authors, contributors to this study include:
Michael J. Moore1, *, Teresa K. Rowles2, Deborah A. Fauquier2, Jason D. Baker3, Ingrid Biedron4, John W. Durban5, Philip K. Hamilton6, Allison G. Henry7, Amy R. Knowlton6, William A. McLellan8, Carolyn A. Miller1, Richard M. Pace III7, Heather M. Pettis6, Stephen Raverty9, Rosalind M. Rolland6, Robert S. Schick10, Sarah M. Sharp11, Cynthia R. Smith12, Len Thomas13, Julie M. van der Hoop1, Michael H. Ziccardi14,15
1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
2NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
3National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Protected Species Division, Hawaiian Monk Seal Research Program, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
4 NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA
5Southall Environmental Associates, 9099 Soquel Drive, Suite 8, Aptos, CA 95003, USA
6Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110, USA
7NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
8University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
9Animal Health Center, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, BC V3G2M3, Canada
10Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Box 90328, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA
11International Fund for Animal Welfare, 290 Summer St, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675, USA
12National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Dr #200, San Diego, CA 92106, USA
13Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, UK
14Working Group on Marine Mammal Unusual Mortality Events, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
15Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
*Corresponding author: mmoore@whoi.edu
Journal
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms