In an independent report published today, an analysis from over 100 experts finds the benefits of protecting 30% of the planet outweigh the costs by a factor of at least 5:1. The report entitled, "Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits, and economic implications," represents the first multi-sector analysis that assesses the global impacts of terrestrial and marine protected areas across the nature conservation, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors. It is the most comprehensive global assessment of the financial and economic impacts of protected areas ever completed.
The report's main finding is that protecting at least 30% of the world's land and ocean provides greater benefits than the status quo, both in terms of financial outcomes and key non-monetary benefits including ecosystem services such as climate change mitigation, flood protection, clean water provision, and soil conservation. 30% protection generates economic benefits from these "public goods" averaging $350 billion annually and leads to increased economic output averaging $260 billion annually by 2050. Encouragingly, this protection would require just 0.16% of the global GDP, which is less than one-third of the government subsidies currently directed to activities that destroy nature.
"There's a misconception that we either can protect our planet or we can have economic growth, but in fact, it's not an 'and/or' dichotomy. This report, based on input from over 100 economists and scientists, refutes the argument that achieving 30% protection of the earth's surface by 2030 requires unrealistic economic costs. Expanding protected areas to 30% actually generates higher overall revenues and while also mitigating very real economic risks of climate change and biodiversity loss. It's imperative that we do both," said Greg Asner, coauthor of the study and director of the Arizona State University Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science.
The researchers also highlight the key conservation roles played by indigenous peoples and local communities to achieve these goals. With an appropriate right and governance framework, the report estimates that achieving 30% protection could lead to an increase of roughly 80% of the formal recognition of IPLC contributions to global land stewardship. The researchers not that effectively implementing increased protected areas will require local compensation and support as well as financial assistance to low and middle-income countries.
Based on the report, the Campaign for Nature recommended a number of policies such as increasing long-term funding of protected areas from all sources, including social development assistance, philanthropies, and corporations, and through a wide range of financial mechanisms. Investments in protected areas will have to increase to an estimated $140 billion annually from the current $24.3 billion by 2030.
The researchers also call for governments, businesses, and philanthropies to recognize nature conservation as a key sector of a resilient global economy, capable of driving economic growth while also providing life-sustaining benefits to people such as reducing the risk of pandemics and alleviating poverty. Through policy changes and financial investments, governments, businesses, and philanthropies can support the goal of 30% protection of land and sea by 2031 and halt the collapse of biodiversity.
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