News Release

Targeting stem-like cells could prevent ovarian cancer recurrence

Peer-Reviewed Publication

University of Pittsburgh

PITTSBURGH, March 5, 2019 - Ovarian cancer is not the most common form of cancer, but it's among the deadliest. That's because about 70 percent of cases recur. A new study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute (MWRI) and several other collaborating institutions targets the root of recurrence with new drugs aimed at annihilating stem-like ovarian cancer cells.

The study, published today in the journal Cell Reports, identifies a new experimental drug, 673A, that specifically kills the stem-like cells that tend to linger after chemotherapy. In a mouse model of ovarian cancer, combined treatment with 673A and chemotherapy resulted in significantly greater survival rates.

"You can think of stem-like cells as seeds. They put down roots and grow into a plant," said Ronald Buckanovich, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine at Pitt, director of the Ovarian Cancer Center of Excellence at MWRI, and co-director of the Women's Cancer Research Center. "I especially like the dandelion analogy. When we treat cancer, we're essentially mowing the lawn. But the problem is that dandelions always come back."

Chemotherapy kills 90 to 99 percent of cancer cells, but because it leaves the stem-like cells behind, the cancer can come back. All it takes is 11 stem-like cancer cells to form a tumor, Buckanovich said. By comparison, it's possible to transplant 50,000 non-stem-like cancer cells and not get a tumor.

Buckanovich's drug, 673A, kills these stem-like cells by targeting the ALDH pathway, which the cells rely on to clear the toxins they produce by multiplying so quickly. Treating an ovarian cancer with 673A kills only about 3 to 5 percent of the cells, but since they're the stem-like cells, that turns out to pack a punch. And, Buckanovich added, it's not toxic at all to the mice.

In mice that were injected with human ovarian cancer cells, 60 percent of the animals treated with both chemotherapy and 673A were cancer-free six months later, compared to 10 percent of the mice treated with chemotherapy alone.

Even more striking, Buckanovich said, 673A was just as effective against chemotherapy-resistant tumors. When mice injected with these tenacious cells were given 673A in conjunction with chemotherapy, nearly two-thirds of them were in remission six months later. By comparison, all of the mice in the chemotherapy-only group died over this same timeframe.

Since ovarian cancer commonly develops chemotherapy resistance, this new drug has the potential to improve mortality rates for this deadly cancer.

But Buckanovich cautions that more work must done before 673A is ready for market. Right now, it doesn't last long in the body, and it needs better solubility. It also has yet to be tested in humans. But, more optimistically, he points out that 673A is 10 times as effective at killing stem-like cells than the previous ALDH inhibitor, and its ability to boost the effectiveness of chemotherapy is really encouraging.

"It's like one plus one equals 10," Buckanovich said. "That was really striking to me, how synergistic the two drugs were. That's important because it means you can potentially use lower doses and reduce toxicity for patients."

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Contact: Erin Hare
Office: 412-864-7194
Mobile: 412-738-1097
E-mail: HareE@upmc.edu

Contact: Cyndy Patton
Office: 412-586-9773
Mobile: 412-415-6085
E-mail: PattonC4@upmc.edu

Additional authors on the study include Ilana Chefetz, Ph.D., Kun Yang, Linda Hong, M.D., Ilya Kovalenko, Ph.D., David Karnak, Ph.D., Brandt Huddle, Ph.D., Scott Barraza, Ph.D., Meredith Morgan, Ph.D., Euisik Yoon, Ph.D., David Lombard, M.D., Ph.D., Geeta Mehta, Ph.D., and Scott Larsen, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan; Ekaterina Vinogradova, Ph.D., Radu Suciu and Benjamin Cravatt, Ph.D., of The Scripps Research Institute; Cynthia Morgan, Mikhail Chtcherbinine, Cameron Buchman, Ph.D., and Thomas Hurley, Ph.D., of Indiana University School of Medicine; Andrea Bild, Ph.D., of the University of Utah; Iris Romero, M.D., and Chun-Yi Chiang, M.S., of the University of Chicago; Charles Landen, M.D., of the University of Virginia; Edward Grimley, Ph.D., of Pitt; and Kara Bernstein, Ph.D., of UPMC Hillman.

This work was supported by the Department of Defense (OC130322), the National Institutes of Health (5R01CA214567, CA014599, P50CA046592, R01-AA18123, R21-CA198409, R01GM101171, OC140123, ES024872), Foundation for Women's Cancer and the American Association of Cancer Research (SU2C-AACR-IRG-02-16).

To read this release online or share it, visit http://www.upmc.com/media/news/030519-targeting-stem-cells-ovarian-ca [when embargo lifts].

About UPMC

A $19 billion world-renowned health care provider and insurer, Pittsburgh-based UPMC is inventing new models of patient-centered, cost-effective, accountable care. UPMC provides more than $900 million a year in benefits to its communities, including more care to the region's most vulnerable citizens than any other health care institution. The largest nongovernmental employer in Pennsylvania, UPMC integrates 87,000 employees, 40 hospitals, 700 doctors' offices and outpatient sites, and a 3.5 million-member Insurance Services Division, the largest medical insurer in western Pennsylvania. As UPMC works in close collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside on its annual Honor Roll of America's Best Hospitals. UPMC Enterprises functions as the innovation and commercialization arm of UPMC, and UPMC International provides hands-on health care and management services with partners around the world. For more information, go to UPMC.com.

About the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

The University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences include the schools of Medicine, Nursing, Dental Medicine, Pharmacy, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences and the Graduate School of Public Health. The schools serve as the academic partner to the UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center). Together, their combined mission is to train tomorrow's health care specialists and biomedical scientists, engage in groundbeaking research that will advance understanding of the causes and treatments of disease and participate in the delivery of outstanding patient care. Since 1998, Pitt and its affiliated university faculty have ranked among the top 10 educational institutions in grant support from the National Institutes of Health. For additional information about the Schools of the Health Sciences, please visit http://www.health.pitt.edu.

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