The use of benzodiazepines and related drugs (Z drugs) is associated with a modestly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, according to a recent study from the University of Eastern Finland. The risk increase was similar with both benzodiazepines and Z drugs regardless of their half-life. The results were published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.
Even though the increased risk for Alzheimer's disease was small in this study, the threshold for prescribing benzodiazepines and related drugs should be high enough due to their several adverse effects and events, such as falls. These medications are commonly used for sleep problems, but their effectiveness for this indication diminishes over weeks or months. However, the risk of adverse events remains in longer-term use.
The study was conducted in the nationwide MEDALZ cohort which included all Finnish community dwellers with newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease in 2005-2011 (70,719 persons), and their age, sex and region of residence matched controls (282,862 persons). Medicine use since 1995 was extracted from the Finnish Prescription Register. Many chronic disorders, substance abuse, socioeconomical position and use of antidepressants and antipsychotics were taken into account. To account for reverse causality, drug use within 5 years before Alzheimer's disease diagnosis was not taken into account.
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Contact information:
Vesa Tapiainen, Doctor of Medicine, Ph.D. Student, University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, tel. +358 50 912 1140, vesa.tapiainen(at)uef.fi
Professor Sirpa Hartikainen, University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, tel. +358 40 355 3784, sirpa.hartikainen(at)uef.fi
Reference: The risk of Alzheimer's disease associated with benzodiazepines and related drugs: A nested case-control study. Vesa Tapiainen, Heidi Taipale, Antti Tanskanen, Jari Tiihonen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2018;138(2):91-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12909.
Journal
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica