News Release

Studies of all PIH proteins in zebrafish reveal distinct roles in axonemal dynein assembly

Peer-Reviewed Publication

Japan Science and Technology Agency

Sperm Structure

image: Upper: Diagrams of the zebrafish sperm and the cross-sectional view of sperm flagella. Lower: Detailed structure of zebrafish sperm flagella was revealed by cryo-electron tomography. Axonemal dyneins, which generate bending of flagella, are colored to show distinct dynein subtypes. view more 

Credit: Kikkawa lab, The University of Tokyo

A research team led by Masahide Kikkawa, a professor of the University of Tokyo, established zebrafish mutants of all four PIH-protein genes and solved the structures of axonemal dyneins in mutant spermatozoa by cryo-electron tomography.

Construction of motile cilia/flagella requires cytoplasmic preassembly of axonemal dyneins before transport into cilia. Axonemal dyneins have various subtypes, but the roles of each dynein subtype and their assembly processes remain elusive in vertebrates. The PIH protein family, consisting of four members, has been implicated in the assembly of different dynein subtypes, although evidence for this idea is sparse. Here, we established zebrafish mutants of all four PIH-protein genes: pih1d1, pih1d2, ktu, and twister, and analyzed the structures of axonemal dyneins in mutant spermatozoa by cryo-electron tomography. Mutations caused the loss of specific dynein subtypes, which was correlated with abnormal sperm motility. We also found organ-specific compositions of dynein subtypes, which could explain the severe motility defects of mutant Kupffer's vesicle cilia. Our data demonstrate that all vertebrate PIH proteins are differently required for cilia/flagella motions and the assembly of axonemal dyneins, assigning specific dynein subtypes to each PIH protein.

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