News Release

Could a cancer drug be repurposed for fragile X syndrome?

Peer-Reviewed Publication

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Could a Cancer Drug Be Repurposed for Fragile X Syndrome?

image: This is a schematic diagram showing the stages of neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and cell lineage-specific markers. qNSC, quiescent NSC; aNSC, activated NSC. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the April 27, issue of <i>Science Translational Medicine</i>, published by AAAS. The paper, by Y. Li at University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison, WI, and colleagues was titled, "MDM2 inhibition rescues neurogenic and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome." view more 

Credit: Li <i>et al., Science Translational Medicine</i> (2016)

An experimental cancer drug can improve learning and memory in mice with fragile X syndrome, according to a new study. Unlike other potential treatments for this disorder that target neurons, the cancer drug coaxes neural stem cells to generate neurons potentially critical to cognitive function. The findings offer new hope to patients with fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, which currently lacks an effective treatment. Mutations in the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene lead to loss of FMRP, a protein that regulates the expression of many genes in neurons. FMRP deficiency is known to impair neural stem cells' ability to generate new neurons in the adult brain, but how this occurs is not fully understood. Studying a mouse model of fragile X syndrome, Yue Li and colleagues found that loss of FMRP led to greater activation of neural stem cells, enhancing their differentiation into astrocytes, but not neurons. The researchers identified the enzyme MDM2 as a key target of FMRP in neural stem cells. FMRP deficiency led to greater MDM2 activity, resulting in enhanced neural stem cell proliferation but reduced differentiation. A specific MDM2 inhibitor known as Nutlin, currently in an early clinical trial for retinoblastoma, seemed to correct this imbalance between neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Low doses of Nutlin restored spatial memory and learning in FMRP-deficient mice, opening the door to repurposing the drug as a potential treatment for fragile X syndrome.

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