image: Routes to diagnosis and stage at diagnosis for all cancers in England, 2012-2013. view more
Credit: Cancer Research UK
BOWEL cancer is more likely to be diagnosed at the earliest stage if it is picked up by screening, according to new figures* released by Cancer Research UK and Public Health England's National Cancer Intelligence Network today (Friday).
For the first time, data shows the stage (one to four) at which cancer is detected by the different routes to diagnosis - through screening, by a GP referral**, or as an emergency.
Of the cases picked up by bowel screening (where the stage at diagnosis was known), more than one third (37 per cent) were caught at the earliest stage (stage one) while fewer than one in ten (8 per cent) were advanced (stage four).
This compares to four in ten (40 per cent) of bowel cancers diagnosed as an emergency being stage four for those cases with known stage. The figures also show that more than a fifth (22 per cent) of bowel cancers were advanced (stage four) by the time people go to the doctor and are then diagnosed.
Patients whose cancers are picked up at an earlier stage almost always have better chances of survival because treatment is more likely to be effective than it is for those diagnosed at a later stage.
Sara Hiom, Cancer Research UK's director of early diagnosis, said: "For the first time we're able to see specifically how advanced or how early cancers are when they are diagnosed via different routes within the health system.
"Early diagnosis means better survival and late diagnosis is bad news for patients, so we need to learn how to avoid it. This new information really helps us understand the best ways to diagnose cancer and where the health service should target resources.
"Bowel cancer in particular has a lot of room for improvement, so it's great news that there's a recommendation to use a new updated bowel cancer screening test called FIT. We know this is an easier test for people to use at home and that both men and women are more likely to use it, so it's vital this is rolled out as quickly as possible across England. It's also important that people go to their doctor if they notice symptoms such as blood in their poo or a change in their normal bowel habit such as looser poo, pooing more often or constipation, even if they've recently had a bowel screening test."
The full publication also contains data about people in England diagnosed in 2012 and 2013 by stage for bladder, breast, bowel (colorectal), kidney, lung, melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, prostate and uterine cancers.
Of the total 574,500 cases diagnosed in 2012 and 2013, screening picked up the highest proportion of early stage cancers - 63 per cent stage one (19, 486) vs three per cent stage four (823).
Of the cancer types included in analysis, screening is available for breast cancer for women and bowel cancer for men and women.
Dr Anne Mackie, Director of Screening at Public Health England, said: "This new research on the stage at which people are diagnosed suggests that screening has an important part to play in achieving earlier diagnosis of bowel cancer. Everyone aged 60 to 74 in England receives an invitation to be screened along with some information to help them decide."
Of those patients diagnosed following a GP referral, just over a third (34 per cent) were stage one compared to just over a fifth (22 per cent) at stage four.
More than half (58 per cent) of all cancers diagnosed as an emergency were diagnosed at stage four compared to around a tenth (11 per cent) at stage one.
###
For media enquiries contact Paul Thorne in the Cancer Research UK press office on 020 3469 8352 or, out of hours, on 07050 264 059.
Notes to editor:
* Full publication available on request
** GPs can either send patients through a routine referral or an urgent referral for tests depending on the symptoms.
Data by stage for bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, prostate and uterine cancers are stratified by sex, age, socio-economic deprivation quintile and ethnicity.
Colorectal cancers - stage and route to diagnosis (England 2012-13)
Number of colorectal cancer cases by stage and route:
| Stage | GP+2WW | EP | Screening |
| 1 | 6,013 | 762 | 2,273 |
| 2 | 9,339 | 3,390 | 1,633 |
| 3 | 10,499 | 3,601 | 1,818 |
| 4 | 7,431 | 5,196 | 501 |
| Unknown | 3,343 | 3,458 | 376 |
| Total | 36,625 | 16,407 | 6,601 |
Proportion of colorectal cancer cases by stage and route, excluding those with an unknown stage:
| Stage | GP+2WW | EP | Screening |
| 1 | 18% | 6% | 37% |
| 2 | 28% | 26% | 26% |
| 3 | 32% | 28% | 29% |
| 4 | 22% | 40% | 8% |
| Early (1&2) | 46% | 32% | 63% |
| Late (3&4) | 54% | 68% | 37% |
All Cancers stage and route to diagnosis
Number of cancer cases by stage and route:
| Stage | GP+2WW | EP | Screening |
| 1 | 80,387 | 6,526 | 19,486 |
| 2 | 56,733 | 7,448 | 7,958 |
| 3 | 48,924 | 11,060 | 2,867 |
| 4 | 53,636 | 34,849 | 823 |
| Unknown | 100,845 | 58,230 | 3,441 |
| Total | 340,525 | 118,113 | 34,575 |
Proportion of cancer cases by stage and route, excluding those with an unknown stage:
| Stage | GP+2WW | EP | Screening |
| 1 | 34% | 11% | 63% |
| 2 | 24% | 12% | 26% |
| 3 | 20% | 18% | 9% |
| 4 | 22% | 58% | 3% |
| Early (1&2) | 57% | 23% | 88% |
| Late (3&4) | 43% | 77% | 12% |
About Cancer Research UK
- Cancer Research UK is the world's leading cancer charity dedicated to saving lives through research.
- Cancer Research UK's pioneering work into the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer has helped save millions of lives.
- Cancer Research UK receives no government funding for its life-saving research. Every step it makes towards beating cancer relies on every pound donated.
- Cancer Research UK has been at the heart of the progress that has already seen survival in the UK double in the last forty years.
- Today, 2 in 4 people survive their cancer for at least 10 years. Cancer Research UK's ambition is to accelerate progress so that 3 in 4 people will survive their cancer for at least 10 years within the next 20 years.
- Cancer Research UK supports research into all aspects of cancer through the work of over 4,000 scientists, doctors and nurses.
- Together with its partners and supporters, Cancer Research UK's vision is to bring forward the day when all cancers are cured.
For further information about Cancer Research UK's work or to find out how to support the charity, please call 0300 123 1022 or visit http://www.cancerresearchuk.org. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.
Public Health England
Public Health England exists to protect and improve the nation's health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities. It does this through world-class science, knowledge and intelligence, advocacy, partnerships and the delivery of specialist public health services. PHE is an operationally autonomous executive agency of the Department of Health. http://www.gov.uk/phe Twitter: @PHE_uk Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PublicHealthEngland