News Release

'Chromosomal Chaos:' Complex array of mutations found in rare, aggressive leukemia

Penn study forms basis for future precision medicine approaches for Sezary syndrome

Peer-Reviewed Publication

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine

PHILADELPHIA - Sezary syndrome (SS), an aggressive leukemia of mature T cells, is more complicated at a molecular level than ever suspected, according to investigators from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. With a poor prognosis and limited options for targeted therapies, fighting SS needs new treatment approaches. The team's results uncover a previously unknown, complex genomic landscape of this cancer, which can be used to design new personalized drug regimens for SS patients based on their unique genetic makeup.

Sezary syndrome is a rare condition: Its incidence is estimated to be about 0.3-2 cases per 100,000 in the United States each year, and those patients have a five-year survival rate of less than 30 percent. Penn Medicine has the one of the largest referral clinics for treatment of SS patients in the country.

Taking a thorough approach to find SS mutations, senior authors Megan S. Lim, MD, PhD, a professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Kojo Elenitoba-Johnson, MD, the Peter C. Nowell, M.D. Professor and director of the Center for Personalized Diagnostics, were not disappointed. "We basically found chromosomal chaos in all of our samples," Elenitoba-Johnson said. They published their findings this month in Nature Communications.

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole-genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein-coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

"We did not expect the degree of genetic complexity that we found in our study," Elenitoba-Johnson added. They identified previously unknown recurrent loss-of-function mutations that target genes regulating epigenetic pathways - ones that act on how tightly or loosely chromosomes are wound and thus accessible for genes to be expressed. One of these targets is called ARID1A, and they found that loss-of-function mutations and/or deletions in ARID1A occurred in over 40 percent of the SS genome studied.

They also identified "gain-of-function" mutations in PLCG1, and JAK1, JAK3, STAT3 and STAT5B. In preliminary drug-mutation matching studies, they found that JAK1-mutated SS cells were sensitive to JAK inhibitors, drugs that are currently approved for treatment of other hematologic cancers such as polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis.

"With knowledge like this, we can design clinical trials using JAK inhibitors for SS patients based on their JAK mutations," said Elenitoba-Johnson. "But this is just the start. These results highlight the genetic vulnerabilities that we can use in designing precision medicine therapies."

The Penn team, in collaboration with Alain Rook, MD, director of the Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Program and a professor of Dermatology, aims to develop a molecular taxonomy for mutations in SS patients. With the state-of-the-art DNA sequencing technology used in this study, they will be able to pinpoint the exact mistake in each patient's SS-related genes. From this, they will also be able to identify distinct subsets of the disease to stratify patients for precision therapy based on their unique mutations and the inhibitors available for those mutations.

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Co-authors are Mark J. Kiel, Anagh A. Sahasrabuddhe, Delphine C.M. Rolland, Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy, Fuzon Chung, Matthew Schaller, Nathanael G. Bailey, Bryan L. Betz, Roberto N. Miranda, Pierluigi Porcu, John C. Byrd, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Steven L. Kunkel, and David W. Bahler.

This work was partly supported by the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA136905, CA14806) and the Department of Pathology at the University of Michigan.

Penn Medicine is one of the world's leading academic medical centers, dedicated to the related missions of medical education, biomedical research, and excellence in patient care. Penn Medicine consists of the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania(founded in 1765 as the nation's first medical school) and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, which together form a $4.9 billion enterprise.

The Perelman School of Medicine has been ranked among the top five medical schools in the United States for the past 17 years, according to U.S. News & World Report's survey of research-oriented medical schools. The School is consistently among the nation's top recipients of funding from the National Institutes of Health, with $409 million awarded in the 2014 fiscal year.

The University of Pennsylvania Health System's patient care facilities include: The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Penn Presbyterian Medical Center -- which are recognized as one of the nation's top "Honor Roll" hospitals by U.S. News & World Report -- Chester County Hospital; Lancaster General Health; Penn Wissahickon Hospice; and Pennsylvania Hospital -- the nation's first hospital, founded in 1751. Additional affiliated inpatient care facilities and services throughout the Philadelphia region include Chestnut Hill Hospital and Good Shepherd Penn Partners, a partnership between Good Shepherd Rehabilitation Network and Penn Medicine.

Penn Medicine is committed to improving lives and health through a variety of community-based programs and activities. In fiscal year 2014, Penn Medicine provided $771 million to benefit our community.


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