image: This is John Wood, M.D., Ph.D. view more
Credit: Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Investigators at The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles have demonstrated that MR imaging of the liver is more accurate than liver biopsy in determining total body iron balance in patients with sickle cell disease and other disorders requiring blood transfusion therapy. This discovery follows the researchers earlier work in pioneering techniques to use MRI to noninvasively measure liver iron. Their study has been published online in Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
"Measuring total body iron using MRI is safer and less painful than biopsy," said John Wood, MD, PhD, cardiologist and biomedical engineer at CHLA, "In this study we've demonstrated that it is also more accurate. MRI should be recognized as the new 'gold standard' for determining iron accumulation in the body." Wood is also a professor of Pediatrics at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California.
Thalassemia and sickle cell disease are two inherited blood disorders characterized by too few healthy red blood cells with adequate hemoglobin, the protein necessary to transport oxygen throughout the body. Treatment of these diseases typically requires a blood transfusion every three weeks. However, each transfusion introduces excess iron, which can result in organ damage and even death, making it essential to treat patients with medications, called chelating agents, to remove excess iron and to monitor total body iron balance. Prior to 2002, children with thalassemia and sickle cell disease required painful liver biopsies every one to two years to monitor iron levels. Liver biopsy can also cause dangerous bleeding and has high sampling variability.
In this study of 49 patients undergoing treatment with an experimental chelating agent, the investigators first closely monitored the amount of iron the patients were receiving by transfusion and the amount of chelating agent they consumed, providing insights into the expected changes in iron levels. MRI estimates of iron concentration were made from the whole liver, eliminating the analytical error and significant sampling variability involved with a biopsy. (Depending upon which part of the liver is sampled, liver biopsy has a reported sampling error of 9 to 44 percent.)
Liver iron was measured at the time of initial treatment in these 49 patients by MRI, and then after 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months of blood transfusion therapy. Using mathematical simulations, the investigators found that MRI liver iron measurements were more accurate, even when compared to the "best possible" liver biopsy. In practice, the accuracy of MRI compared to physical biopsy is likely even greater than estimated, according to Wood.
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Additional contributors to the study include Ellis J. Neufeld, MD, PhD, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Pinaggao Zhang, PhD and Walid Abi-Saab, MD, Shire Pharmaceuticals; and Hugh Rienhoff, PhD, Ferrokin Biosciences Inc. Support for this study was provided by the NIH (R01DK097115) and Shire Pharmaceuticals.
Link to the study: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25708262
About Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Children's Hospital Los Angeles has been named the best children's hospital on the West Coast and among the top five in the nation for clinical excellence with its selection to the prestigious U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll. Children's Hospital is home to The Saban Research Institute, one of the largest and most productive pediatric research facilities in the United States. Children's Hospital is also one of America's premier teaching hospitals through its affiliation since 1932 with the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California.
For more information, visit CHLA.org. Follow us on our blog http://researchlablog.org/.
Media contact: Ellin Kavanagh, ekavanagh@chla.usc.edu 323-361-8505 or 323-361-1812
Journal
Magnetic Resonance Imaging