image: Single strains of HIV entered distinct populations across the world to establish local epidemics. Once established, these epidemics are resilient to the introduction of new strains, thus conserving "founder effects." view more
Credit: Ferdinandy et al.
Most HIV epidemics are still dominated by the first strain that entered a particular population. New research published in PLOS Computational Biology offers an explanation of why the global mixing of HIV variants is so slow.
Researchers from Eötvös Loránd University; Bence Ferdinandy, Dr Viktor Müller, and colleagues, analyzed simulated epidemics to understand how distinct HIV virus strains spreading in the same population compete and interfere with each other.
The authors show that once a strain of HIV has established a stable epidemic, it can slow down the invasion of secondary strains into the population. The primary factor is because individuals infected with the first HIV strain survive for a relatively long time and are resilient to 'superinfection' from a second strain. The individuals effectively impose 'roadblocks' for the spread of invader strains in the network of sexual contacts.
The results imply that the HIV variants that dominate the global epidemic today may not be the most transmissible strains: they may simply have been the 'luckiest', picked up by chance to ride the first wave of expansion from the epicenter of the pandemic in Central Africa.
More transmissible strains are likely to exist or be created by mutation and recombination, and these strains may eventually outgrow the current variants, a warning that the pandemic is not 'static': it may grow further on a longer time scale. In contrast, eliminating the epidemic could increase the risk of emergent HIV lineages from novel cross-species transmissions.
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Image Caption: Single strains of HIV entered distinct populations across the world to establish local epidemics. Once established, these epidemics are resilient to the introduction of new strains, thus conserving "founder effects".
Image Credit: Ferdinandy et al.
Image Link: http://www.plos.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Ferdinandy.tif
All works published in PLOS Computational Biology are Open Access, which means that all content is immediately and freely available. Use this URL in your coverage to provide readers access to the paper upon publication: http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004093
Contact: Viktor Müller
Address: Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
MTA-ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group
Pázmány P. s. 1/C
Budapest, 1117
Hungary
Phone: +36 20 5513711
Email: mueller.viktor@gmail.com
Citation: Ferdinandy B, Mones E, Vicsek T, Müller V (2015) HIV Competition Dynamics over Sexual Networks: First Comer Advantage Conserves Founder Effects. PLoS Comput Biol 11(1): e1004093.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004093
Funding: VM is a Fellow of the Parmenides Center for the Conceptual Foundations of Science. This work was partly supported by the EU ERC COLLMOT project (grant No. 227878, erc.europa.eu/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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PLoS Computational Biology