BOSTON (Sept. 4, 2014) — Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which involves formation of abnormal blood vessels in the retina, is a leading cause of vision loss. A subgroup of neovascular AMD, known as retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) disease, occurs when neovessels originating from the inner retinal vascular bed grow toward the outer retina and form leaky pathologic vessels beneath the retina.
In a study featured in the Sept. 4 issue of PLOS ONE, researchers from Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School (HMS) characterized a novel mutant mouse model, termed neoretinal vascularization (NRV) 2, which develops abnormal neovessels from retinal vascular plexus. Their hope is this new model will help them understand AMD and develop new treatments for the disease. The new mouse strain was generated through the Jackson Laboratory Eye Mutant Screening Program. The Jackson Laboratory is an independent, nonprofit organization focusing on mammalian genetics research to advance human health.
The investigation, led by Kip Connor, Ph.D., HMS Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Assistant Scientist at Mass. Eye and Ear , demonstrated that NRV2 mice show multiple areas of retinal depigmentation and neovascularization, which occur spontaneously and are concurrent with the presence of the abnormal blood vessels in the retina during early postnatal days. Furthermore, they showed that the NRV2 neovascularization originates from the retinal vascular plexus and grows toward the subretinal space. Neovascular features in the NRV2 mouse strain mimic the early clinical stages of RAP in humans. "It is our hope that future studies using this mouse model will allow us to develop novel, specific therapeutics that result in better visual outcomes and quality of life for patients suffering from AMD, including RAP," Dr. Connor explained. 1In the study, researchers focused on the characterization of the ocular phenotype and etiology of angiogenesis in NRV2 mice. The phenotypic changes within the retina in NRV2 mice were evaluated by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis. The pathological neovascularization was imaged by confocal microscopy and reconstructed using three-dimensional image analysis software. The researchers found that NRV2 mice developed multifocal retinal depigmentation in the posterior fundus spontaneously. The vascular leakage observed correlated with the areas of depigmentation by fluorescein angiography. Moreover, the three-dimensional reconstruction of retinal vasculature clearly revealed that the spontaneous angiogenesis arose from the retinal vascular plexus at postnatal day (p)15 and extended through the outer retina toward the subretinal space.
"Despite several mouse models of retinal angiogenesis, the underlying etiopathogenesis and mode of disease progression in AMD patients with RAP remain to be elucidated," said Eiichi Hasegawa, Ph.D., lead author of the paper. "We anticipate this mouse model could be a useful tool to define the molecular pathway and the specific genes involved in retinal angiogenesis and development of novel anti-angiogenic therapies."
Research reported in this publication was supported by a Special Scholar Award (to K.M.C.) and unrestricted grant (to J.W.M.) from Research to Prevent Blindness; Bright Focus Foundation (K.M.C and N.H.). Additionally, Research reported in this publication was supported by National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers: R01EY022084/S1 (K.M.C.) and P30EY014104. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Researchers include: Eiichi Hasegawa1, Harry Sweigard1, Deeba Husain1, Ana M. Olivares2, Bo Chang3, Kaylee E. Smith1, Amy E. Birsner4, Robert J. D'Amato4, Norman A. Michaud1, Yinan Han2, Demetrios G. Vavvas1, Joan W. Miller1, Neena B. Haider2, Kip M. Connor1*.
1. Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
2. Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
3. The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
4. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
About Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Mass. Eye and Ear clinicians and scientists are driven by a mission to find cures for blindness, deafness and diseases of the head and neck. Led by the Eaton-Peabody Laboratory in Otology, the Howe Laboratory in Ophthalmology and Schepens Eye Research Institute, Mass. Eye and Ear in Boston is the world's largest vision and hearing research center, offering hope and healing to patients everywhere through discovery and innovation. Mass. Eye and Ear is a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital and trains future medical leaders in ophthalmology and otolaryngology, through residency as well as clinical and research fellowships. Internationally acclaimed since its founding in 1824, Mass. Eye and Ear employs full-time, board-certified physicians who offer high-quality and affordable specialty care that ranges from the routine to the very complex. U.S. News & World Report's "Best Hospitals Survey" has consistently ranked the Mass. Eye and Ear Departments of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology as among the top hospitals in the nation.
Journal
PLoS ONE