SCIENTISTS at the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) have devised a novel method to identify suitable new homes for animals under threat from climate change.
Conservation scientists used their knowledge on species ecology to create habitat suitability maps and correctly identify sites that will remain viable in the future regardless of changing climate. However, the key for success is to understand, and account for, the link between variation in species population size, climate and how the climate may change.
Almost half of all bird and amphibian species are believed to be highly vulnerable to extinction from climate change. Species in extreme or rare habitats such as the emperor penguin in the Antarctic and American pika in the USA have already experienced drastic declines in populations due to the impact of climate change on their home.
As climate changes, many species will need to move to a different location in order to survive. For species that aren't able to do this naturally, the only chance of survival is a helping hand through the use of translocations.
The research is published today (6 September) in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
Dr Nathalie Pettorelli, ZSL's climate change coordinator and senior author on the paper, says: "Climate change poses a worrying threat to many animals, and relocating vulnerable species to new and more suitable habitats may be the only way to protect them. However, this is an extreme conservation action, which needs to be thoroughly justified, and requires clear guidance on where threatened populations should be moved. Our research shows how these key requirements can be met."
The team used the hihi bird as an example because of the conservation success which came after efforts put into its relocation since the 1980s. Yet, despite large investments into its protection, climate change is now posing a significant threat to its future survival.
Dr Alienor Chauvenet, lead author of the study, says: "All current hihi populations are surrounded by either a large stretch of water or unsuitable habitat such as farmland or cities with plenty of non-native predators. This isolation makes it very perilous for them to move and individuals attempting to relocate naturally are unlikely to survive.
"Our work shows that assisted colonisation may be the only way to guarantee the survival of this unique species under climate change," Dr Chauvenet added.
Translocations will continue to be an important part of conservation as climate changes. ZSL's novel method shows how these interventions can be planned to be successful even under the influence of a changing environment. The method can be applied to any species threatened by climate change, and is likely to contribute to the success of future translocations.
Editors' Notes
Images
High resolution images available here:- https://zslondon.sharefile.com/d/s6b17e69b0ff48589
Media Information
For more information please contact Smita Singh on 0207 449 6288 or email smita.singh@zsl.org
ZSL
Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientific, conservation and educational charity whose mission is to promote and achieve the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. Our mission is realised through our groundbreaking science, our active conservation projects in more than 50 countries and our two Zoos, ZSL London Zoo and ZSL Whipsnade Zoo. For more information visit http://www.zsl.org
ZSL's hihi work
Hihi are sexually dimorphic medium sized forest dwelling passerines endemic to the North Island of New Zealand; they are the sole representative of the New Zealand bird family Notiomystidae. Hihi rely on native vegetation for nectar and fruit but also feed on invertebrates. They are supplemental fed sugar water year-round and ad libitum. Hihi nest in cavities usually located high up live mature trees of a variety of native species but also readily use artificial nest boxes when mature trees with cavities are limited. For further information please visit http://www.hihiconservation.com.
Translocations
Conservation translocations are defined as "the deliberate movement of organisms from one site for release in another" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission (IUCN SSC). Two broad types exist: 'reintroduction' within a species' historical range, 'introduction' or 'assisted colonisation' outside a species' indigenous range. In guidelines for reintroduction and other conservation translocations recently published by the IUCN SSC (2012), one explicit requirement for any translocation is that the climate at the release site remains suitable in the near future and that the new habitat meets the abiotic needs of the species.
Press Release: Embargoed until 00:01 6 September 2013
Contact: Smita Singh, 0207 449 6288 or smita.singh@zsl.org
Interviews: Available with Dr Nathalie Pettorelli and Dr Alienor Chauvenet on request
High resolution images: https://zslondon.sharefile.com/d/s6b17e69b0ff48589
Journal
Journal of Applied Ecology