The answer is yes. Finnish researchers have developed a triumphant solution for predicting responses of breast cancer cells to a set of cancer drugs. The prediction is based on the genomic profiles of the cancer cells. Harnessing genomic profiles of cells in choosing the best treatment is considered the holy grail of personalised medicine.
The team led by Professor Samuel Kaski from Helsinki institute of Information Technology (HIIT), a joint research centre of Aalto University and University of Helsinki, Finland, presented its winning solution at the DREAM 2012 conference on November 13 in San Francisco. The team's solution outperformed 47 other teams in the prediction challenge world-wide.
Computational methods integrate multiple views of the genomic profile of cancer cells
It is well known that drug therapies may effectively kill cancer cells in one patient, but not in another patient suffering from the same type of cancer. However, the molecular determinants underlying the differences in drug response have not so far been sufficiently understood.
- The goal in computational personalised medicine is to develop models which predict drug sensitivity of cells from their genomic profiles, Kaski explains.
The organisers of the NCI-Dream challenge provided data of breast cancer cells for the training of computational sensitivity prediction models. They evaluated the participants' models on test measurements of drugs that were unknown to the participants.
As in most current biomedical experiments, several types of measurements had been collected on the cancer cells: activity of genes, epigenetics, and genetic profiles. The key problem was to optimally combine the complementary "views" that the different measurements yield.
- We had been developing new machine learning methods for these 'multi-view' problems, which occur in many fields, and they gave us a flying start, tells Kaski.
- The challenge was a great additional opportunity for us to put our heads together. People with different backgrounds presented different views on the problem and brought in their own expertise and experience to improve the integrated solution, says HIIT researcher Dr Elisabeth Georgii.
Although the result is still far from clinical applicability, computational personalised medicine has taken an encouraging, prize-winning step forward.
The team led by Professor Samuel Kaski from HIIT, a joint research centre of Aalto University and University of Helsinki, presented its winning solution at the DREAM 2012 conference on November 13 in San Francisco. The team's solution outperformed 47 other teams in the prediction challenge.
The team participated in the seventh annual DREAM competition http://www.the-dream-project.org/ organised by the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) and The Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM). Their challenges crowd-source highly demanding scientific problems to top research teams around the world. The best solution will be published in a leading journal.