CPAP treatment effective in patients with milder OSA and daytime sleepiness

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), well established as an effective treatment for severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is also effective in patients with mild and moderately severe OSA and daytime sleepiness, according to a new study.

"The evidence for the efficacy of CPAP in patients with milder OSA is limited and conflicting," said lead author Terri E. Weaver, PhD, RN, professor and dean of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing. "Our multi-site, double-blind, randomized trial, the first placebo-controlled study to use sham CPAP in sleepy patients with mild to moderate OSA, shows that CPAP treatment effectively reduces symptoms and improves quality of life in these patients, the largest segment of the OSA population."

The findings were published online ahead of print publication in the American Thoracic Society's American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

In the study, 239 patients with newly diagnosed milder OSA and self-reported daytime sleepiness (an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score > 10) were randomized to eight weeks of active or sham CPAP treatment. After the eight-week intervention, patients in the sham arm were crossed over to eight weeks of active treatment. The primary outcome measure was total score on the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), which measures the impact of daytime sleepiness on activities of daily living.

The adjusted mean change in FOSQ total score after the initial eight-week intervention was 0.89 for actively treated patients and -0.06 for sham-treated patients (p = 0.006). Mean improvement in FOSQ total score from the beginning to the end of the cross-over phase of the study was 1.73 ± 2.50 (p <0.00001). Significant improvements with active treatment were also seen in ESS scores, Physical Component scores on the Short-Form 36 health survey, and Total Mood Disturbance scores on the Profile of Mood States scale.

"The improvements we saw were highly significant and clinically relevant," said Dr. Weaver. "In addition, our study was conducted at both large and smaller clinical practice sites, making our results highly generalizable."

The study had some limitations, including a short mean duration of active daily CPAP treatment (4.0 ± 2.0 hours/day) and a lower mean duration of sham daily CPAP treatment (3.1 ± 2.1 hours/day).

"Given the high prevalence of OSA, our study suggests that there is significant value in treating sleepy patients with mild to moderate disease," concluded Dr. Weaver. "CPAP therapy, the primary treatment for OSA, is highly effective and confers significant health benefits in these patients."

With an impact factor of 11.080, the AJRRCM is a peer-reviewed journal published by the American Thoracic Society. It aims to publish the most innovative science and the highest quality reviews, practice guidelines and statements in the pulmonary, critical care and sleep-related fields.

Founded in 1905, the American Thoracic Society is the world's leading medical association dedicated to advancing pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine. The Society's 15,000 members prevent and fight respiratory disease around the globe through research, education, patient care and advocacy.