News Release

Millions of Americans at risk of flooding as sea levels rise

Peer-Reviewed Publication

IOP Publishing

Nearly four million Americans, occupying a combined area larger than the state of Maryland, find themselves at risk of severe flooding as sea levels rise in the coming century, new research suggests.

A new study, published today, 14 March, in IOP Publishing's journal Environmental Research Letters, asserts that around 32,000 km2 of US land lies within one vertical meter of the high tide line, encompassing 2.1 million housing units where 3.9 million people live.

For this study, the researchers created a new model to identify the areas of US mainland that are at risk of flooding and, with a predicted sea level rise of 1 meter or more by the end of the century, suggest that the US Government's currently designated flood zones should not be considered stable.

A second study, also published today in Environmental Research Letters, corroborates evidence of the risk, showing that a majority of US locations, from the 55 studied, will see a substantially higher frequency of storm-driven high water levels by the middle of the century; water levels that have previously been encountered only once-a-century.

Many locations would be expected to experience such high flooding every decade or more often.

Two ways in which global warming is causing sea levels to rise are thermal expansion – the expanding of water as it warms – and the melting of glaciers.

The first study, undertaken by researchers at Climate Central and the University of Arizona, shows that at a state level, areas surrounding the Gulf appear to be the most vulnerable, whilst in terms of population, Florida is the most vulnerable, closely followed by Louisiana, California, New York and New Jersey, illustrating significant exposure on every coast.

The researchers pick out greater Los Angeles as a largely-populated city of great concern, as previous research suggests that flooding may reach rare heights more swiftly in southern California than in any other mainland US area.

The second study examined the effect of heavy storms on past water levels at 55 stations across the US and combined these with estimates of future global sea level rises to predict the frequency and extent of future flooding.

The researchers, from Climate Central, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, liken the type of annual flooding that we may come to expect to the infamous high water levels brought about in New York in 1992, which managed to flood the subway system, as a result of a violent nor'easter (a storm coming in off the Atlantic).

Co-author of both papers, Ben Strauss, researcher at Climate Central, said: "The sea level rise taking place right now is quickly making extreme coastal floods more common, increasing risk for millions of people where they live and work. Sea level rise makes every single coastal storm flood higher. With so many communities concentrated on US coasts, the odds for major damage get bigger every year."

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From 14 March, the papers can be downloaded from http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/1/01432/article and http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/1/01433/article

Notes to Editors

Contact

1. For further information, a full draft of the journal papers or contact with one of the researchers, contact IOP Press Officer, Michael Bishop:
Tel: 0117 930 1032
E-mail: Michael.bishop@iop.org

Modelling sea level rise impacts on storm surges along US coasts

2. The published version of the paper 'Modelling sea level rise impacts on storm surges along US coasts' (Claudia Tebaldi, Benjamin H Strauss and Chris E Zervas 2012 Environ. Res. Lett. 7 014032) will be freely available online from 14 March. It will be available at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/1/014032/article

Tidally adjusted estimates of topographic vulnerability to sea-level rise and flooding for the contiguous United States

3. The published version of the paper 'Tidally adjusted estimates of topographic vulnerability to sea-level rise and flooding for the contiguous United States' (Benjamin H Strauss, Remik Ziemlinski, Jeremy L Weiss and Jonathan T Overpeck 2012 Environ. Res. Lett. 7 014033) will be freely available online from 14 March. It will be available at http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/7/1/014033/article

Environmental Research Letters

4. Environmental Research Letters is an open access journal that covers all of environmental science, providing a coherent and integrated approach including research articles, perspectives and editorials.

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IOP Publishing is part of the Institute of Physics, a leading scientific society promoting physics and bringing physicists together for the benefit of all. Any financial surplus earned by IOP Publishing goes to support science through the activities of the Institute.

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