Kyoto, Japan -- As if borrowing from a scene in a science fiction movie, researchers at Kyoto University have successfully developed a kind of tractor beam that can be used to manipulate networks of molecules. In a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters, the team has demonstrated a technique using terahertz pulses that could have broad applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Terahertz waves, an area of specialty for the Koichiro Tanaka lab at Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), exist in a frequency range beyond the infrared and before the microwave band. Also popularly referred to as T-rays, this form of radiation can pass through many materials but is non-ionizing, characteristics which make the waves useful in the imaging field.
In this case, intense terahertz pulses were used to successfully increase the amplitude of movement between amino-acid molecules in crystalline form, essentially softening the crystals. Previous softening methods have always correspondingly raised the temperature, resulting in unwanted changes to the crystals' structure and properties.
"What we have demonstrated is that it is possible to use intense terahertz pulses to climb 20 ladder steps on the anharmonic intermolecular potential in the microcrystals," explains Dr. Masaya Nagai, an assistant professor at Kyoto University's Department of Physics and a coauthor of the paper. "This opens the door," he continues, "to the possibility of manipulating large molecules, thereby increasing understanding of the properties of molecular complexes such as proteins."
The team is expectant that the technique they have developed could eventually lead to advances in chemical synthesis as well as in the refining of organic molecular crystals for pharmaceutical purposes.
The article, "Ladder climbing on the anharmonic intermolecular potential in an amino acid microcrystal via an intense monocycle terahertz pulse" by Mukesh Jewariya, Masaya Nagai, and Koichiro Tanaka is scheduled to be published online on November 11, 2010 in Physical Review Letters.
About the iCeMS
The Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences at Kyoto University in Japan aims to advance the integration of cell and material sciences -- both of which are traditionally strong fields for the university -- by creating a uniquely innovative global research environment. The iCeMS seeks to integrate the biosciences, chemistry, material science, and physics to capture the potential power of cellular-level control of stem cells and functional architectures. Such manipulation holds the promise of significant advances in medicine, pharmaceutical studies, the environment, and industry.
Journal
Physical Review Letters