San Diego, U.S.A. - Production of rice—the world's most important crop for ensuring food security and addressing poverty—will be thwarted as temperatures increase in rice-growing areas with continued climate change, according to a new study by an international team of scientists.
The research team found evidence that the net impact of projected temperature increases will be to slow the growth of rice production in Asia. Rising temperatures during the past 25 years have already cut the yield growth rate by 10% in several locations.
As nights get hotter, as predicted with climate change, rice yields will drop.
Published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)—a peer-reviewed, scientific journal from the United States—the report analyzed 6 years of data from 227 irrigated rice farms in 6 major rice-growing countries in Asia, which produces more than 90% of the world's rice.
"We found that as the daily minimum temperature increases, or as nights get hotter, rice yields drop," said Mr. Jarrod Welch, lead author of the report and graduate student of economics at the University of California, San Diego.
This is the first study to assess the impact of both daily maximum and minimum temperatures on irrigated rice production in farmer-managed rice fields in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia.
"Our study is unique because it uses data collected in farmers' fields, under real-world conditions," said Mr. Welch. "This is an important addition to what we already know from controlled experiments."
"Farmers can be expected to adapt to changing conditions, so real-world circumstances, and therefore outcomes, might differ from those in controlled experimental settings," he added.
Around three billion people eat rice every day, and more than 60% of the world's one billion poorest and undernourished people who live in Asia depend on rice as their staple food. A decline in rice production will mean more people will slip into poverty and hunger, the researchers said.
"Up to a point, higher day-time temperatures can increase rice yield, but future yield losses caused by higher night-time temperatures will likely outweigh any such gains because temperatures are rising faster at night," said Mr. Welch. "And if day-time temperatures get too high, they too start to restrict rice yields, causing an additional loss in production."
If day-time temperatures get too high, they will also restrict rice yields.
"If we cannot change our rice production methods or develop new rice strains that can withstand higher temperatures, there will be a loss in rice production over the next few decades as days and nights get hotter. This will get increasingly worse as temperatures rise further towards the middle of the century," he added.
In addition to Mr. Welch, other members of the research team are Professors Jeffrey Vincent of Duke University and Maximilian Auffhammer of the University of California, Berkeley; Ms. Piedad Moya and Dr. Achim Dobermann of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); and Dr. David Dawe of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
More information
- PNAS article
- IRRI hot topic: Rice and climate change
- Rice and Weather - Photos
Contacts
University of California, San Diego
Jarrod Welch, author: jrwelch@ucsd.edu
Rex Graham, media contact, ragraham@ucsd.edu, +1 858 534 5952 or +1 858 349 7313 (cell)
University of California, Berkeley
Maximilian Auffhammer, author: auffhammer@berkeley.edu
Sarah Yang, media contact: scyang@Berkeley.edu or +1 510 643 7741
United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
David Dawe, author: David.Dawe@fao.org
George Kourous, media contact, george.kourous@fao.org, +39 06 570 53168 or +39 348 141 6802 (mobile)
Duke University
Jeff Vincent, author: jeff.vincent@duke.edu
Tim Lucas, media contact: tdlucas@duke.edu or +1 919 613 8084
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Achim Dobermann, author: a.dobermann@irri.org
Piedad Moya, author: p.moya@cgiar.org
Sophie Clayton, media contact, s.clayton@cgiar.org, +63 2 580 5600 (ext. 2204) or +63 917 552 6082 (mobile)