All may not be as it seems: College students, alcohol and sex

WASHINGTON – College students are less likely to let their female friends engage in risky sexual behavior after a night of drinking alcohol. Recent findings in the journal Communication Education examine how and why college students protect their friends who have been heavily drinking.

Three quarters of the study's participants reported that they would not take risks when it comes to making sure a female friend is safe while under the influence of alcohol. Participants said they would persuade a female friend not to go home with a new male acquaintance or that they would make sure she got home safely.

The participants reported using three distinct communication strategies to prevent their female friends from going home with strangers after a night of drinking alcohol. They include:

• Highlight the regret associated with that behavior. Participants said they would remind their friends about the negative health and social consequences associated with going home with someone. These include getting pregnant, developing a bad reputation, and regretting their decision in the morning.

• Use trickery or deception. Students hold the belief that drunken friends can be easily distracted or exploited. To remove their friends from a risky situation, the participants said they would trick their friends by taking them to get food, or putting them into a cab to go home, instead of going to the male acquaintance's place.

• Direct confrontation. To protect their friends from dangerous situations, the study participants said they would directly confront their friends. This includes specifically telling their friends that they need to leave, or physically removing them from the situation.

"Our research suggests that the claim that college students routinely engage in risky sexual behavior while intoxicated may be exaggerated," said Linda C. Lederman, a professor of communication at Arizona State University, one of the study authors.

Relational closeness or how well the participants know both their friends and male acquaintance plays a significant role in the students' decisions. College students value their friendships. The study participants reported that they are more likely to step in and protect a friend during a risky situation. However, the participants appeared to be more willing to let their friends go home with a male acquaintance if both they and their friends knew him.

"Our study suggests friends often try to protect friends. The interpersonal and persuasive skills they use to do this include many of the same skills they learn in their communication courses," said Lisa Menegatos, lead author of the study and an ASU graduate student. "The classroom can be a valuable place for students to discuss health issues and develop communication skills that are relevant to their lives outside the classroom."

In-class activities can help students develop the necessary communication competencies to help them better handle situations involving their friends, drinking and sex, and other significant health issues.

Using a simulation that places students in a risky situation, researchers provided a context for when and how decisions are made. This creates a safe place for students to better understand the role of communication that is needed during complex situations.

Lederman was a member of the research team that examined student responses from a scenario-based simulation of alcohol-related decision-making, to better understand how students make decisions in risky situations. Using immediate response technology (electronic clickers), participating students selected answers about what they would do in a scenario where they are at a party with their friend "Jane," who has been drinking and is invited to go home with a guy she meets at the party. No hypotheses were tested during the study, which provided observational data and interpretations.

The study was conducted by Menegatos, a doctoral student in the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University; professor Lederman, who is the dean of social sciences in the College of Liberal Arts at Arizona State University and the executive director of ASU's Institute for Social Science; and Aaron Hess, assistant professor at Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne.

This research is reported in "Friends Don't Let Jane Hook Up Drunk: A Qualitative Analysis of Participation in a Simulation of College Drinking-Related Decisions," which appears in Communication Education, Volume 59, a journal of the National Communication Association.

The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Arizona State University is where students study international languages and cultures, ponder human evolution and social change, and delve into the complexities of social and family dynamics. It is ASU's home for Earth and space exploration, human communication, geographical sciences and urban planning, and research in psychology and the life sciences. Students who expect an interactive research environment will find a good fit in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. Undergraduates, starting as freshmen, can work on the ground floor of innovative research and learn side-by-side with ASU faculty members and graduate students. The college supports more than 25 research centers and institutes and partners with several others at ASU. Whether a student's interest lies in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences or life sciences, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at ASU prepares students who want to major in changing the world. Learn more at http://clas.asu.edu or follow on Twitter at http://twitter.com/asuCLAS.

The National Communication Association advances communication as the discipline that studies all forms, modes, media and consequences of communication through humanistic, social scientific and aesthetic inquiry. The NCA serves the scholars, teachers, and practitioners who are its members by enabling and supporting their professional interests in research and teaching. Dedicated to fostering and promoting free and ethical communication, the NCA promotes the widespread appreciation of the importance of communication in public and private life, the application of competent communication to improve the quality of human life and relationships, and the use of knowledge about communication to solve human problems. NCA is the largest national organization to promote communication scholarship and education. A non-profit organization, NCA has over 8,000 educators, practitioners, and students who work and reside in every state and more than 20 countries. More information is online at www.natcom.org.