image: MRI image of cancerous prostate gland (upper left). Computer aided diagnosis (lower left) suggests likelihood of cancer in brighter areas. Three experts predicted cancerous areas on MRI, with white area being that which all agreed on (lower right). Actual location of cancerous tissue mapped in green, based on subsequent examination of surgically removed tissue (upper right). view more
Credit: Rutgers University
NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. – Rutgers University and two collaborators have received a $3.4 million research grant to develop tools aimed at improving the identification of prostate cancer using MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging.
The five-year grant, with funding in the first two years from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, was awarded by the National Institutes of Health under an initiative to promote industry and academic partnerships. Rutgers is working with Penn Medicine and Siemens on this pioneering research.
Recent studies by Rutgers and Penn researchers show that powerful, high-resolution MRI technology can reveal cancerous tissue in prostate glands and pinpoint where the tissue is concentrated. Radiologists, however, do not always know whether unusual-looking visual features indicate cancerous growth or benign variations.
"At this time, it's often just a prediction or an educated guess," said Anant Madabhushi, assistant professor of biomedical engineering and Rutgers' principal investigator on the grant. "Before MRI technology is ready for widespread clinical use, the medical profession will have to be confident that it can make readings accurately and consistently."
Each year, there are more than 27,000 deaths from prostate cancer in the United States and 190,000 new cases diagnosed. Diagnosis is based on PSA levels in blood, physical examination and needle biopsies, because current imaging techniques don't distinguish cancerous tissue. MRI has the potential to offer a diagnosis non-invasively and, along with other information, help physicians customize the most effective and least debilitating treatment plan.
Under the research grant, Penn researchers will make magnetic resonance images of prostate glands in cancer patients and prepare tissue samples from those same glands after they are surgically removed in the course of treatment. Rutgers and Siemens researchers will then develop computerized tools that align MRI views with digitized images of tissue slices. These tools will allow investigators to better identify MRI features that reveal cancerous tissue and develop pattern recognition software that will help radiologists make accurate and timely diagnoses.
"This is an immense and complicated task," said Madabhushi, who is also a member of The Cancer Institute of New Jersey. "Our tools will have to account for variations in MRI and tissue image sizes, tissue that was imaged but lost in the process of sectioning, or MRI images shaped differently from tissue sample images due to gland deformation."
Siemens will refine research tools into software packages for scientists to use as they conduct additional studies and develop diagnostic tools and techniques.
While the current research grant focuses on the prostate gland, Madabhushi believes the same tools can be adapted to imaging for breast cancer and other forms of cancers.
ARRA funding is supporting three new postdoctoral research jobs at Rutgers, and one position at Penn to do image collection and management. Research data will become publicly available for further investigations.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine include principal investigator Michael Feldman, associate professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and medical director of Pathology Informatics; and co-principal investigators John E Tomaszewski, professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Mark Rosen, assistant professor of Radiology.