Study participants with chronic kidney disease who also had diabetes, systolic high blood pressure, or left ventricular hypertrophy, or were smokers or exhibited low physical activity had an increased risk of death from cardiovascular causes. However, for these patients, emerging risk factors such as elevated levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and the blood clotting protein factor VIIIc were not as strongly associated with greater risk of cardiovascular death.
"The message from this study is clear: to reduce heart disease and stroke deaths in older people with chronic kidney disease, we need to target and control traditional risk factors," said Teri Manolio, M.D., Ph.D., director of NHLBI's Epidemiology and Biometry Program and a study co-author. Manolio added that many proven, effective interventions are available for reducing these risk factors including adequate control of high blood glucose and high blood pressure, increasing physical activity, and stopping smoking.
Chronic kidney disease is a known, controllable risk factor for heart disease and its incidence is on the rise. An estimated 4.5 percent of adults have physiological evidence of chronic kidney disease. The rate of kidney failure in the U.S. has doubled in the past decade. Chronic kidney disease was defined in the study by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60ml/min/1.732, a measure of how well the kidneys are filtering waste from blood. The study defined cardiovascular mortality as death from heart disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke.
The Cardiovascular Health Study is a longitudinal study of traditional and emerging risk factors for death from cardiovascular diseases in over 5,800 men and women over the age of 65 in four U.S. communities: Forsyth County, NC; Sacramento County, CA; Washington County, MD; and Pittsburgh, PA. Participants were followed for an average of 8.6 years.
Dr. Manolio is available to comment on these and other study findings. To schedule an interview, please call the NHLBI Communications Office at 301-496-4236 or email at nhlbi_news@nhlbi.nih.gov.
For more information about chronic kidney disease, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at www.nkdep.nih.gov
NHLBI is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Federal Government's primary agency for biomedical and behavioral research. NIH is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additional information about cardiovascular disease and NHLBI-supported research and educational programs are available online at the NHLBI website, www.nhlbi.nih.gov.
Journal
JAMA