Dubbed the "OptIPuter" -- for optical networking, Internet Protocol, and computer storage and processing -- the envisioned infostructure will tightly couple computational, storage and visualization resources over parallel optical networks using the IP communication mechanism. "The opportunity to build and experiment with an OptIPuter has arisen because of major technology changes in the last five years," said principal investigator Larry Smarr, director of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology [Cal-(IT)2], and Harry E. Gruber Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at UCSD's Jacobs School of Engineering. "Optical bandwidth and storage capacity are growing much faster than processing power, turning the old computing paradigm on its head: we are going from a processor-centric world, to one centered on optical bandwidth, where the networks will be faster than the computational resources they connect."
The OptIPuter project will enable scientists who are generating massive amounts of data to interactively visualize, analyze, and correlate their data from multiple storage sites connected to optical networks. Designing and deploying the OptIPuter for grid-intensive computing will require fundamental inventions including software and middleware abstractions to deliver unique capabilities in a lambda-rich world. (A "lambda," in networking parlance, is a fully dedicated wavelength of light in an optical network, each already capable of bandwidth speeds from 1-10 gigabits/second.) The researchers in southern California and Chicago will focus on new network-control and traffic-engineering techniques to optimize data transmission; new middleware to bandwidth-match distributed resources; and new collaboration and visualization to enable real-time interaction with high-definition imagery.
UCSD and UIC will lead the research team, in partnership with researchers at Northwestern University, San Diego State University, University of Southern California and University of California-Irvine [a partner of UCSD in Cal-(IT)2]. Co-PIs on the project are UCSD's Mark Ellisman and Philip Papadopoulos of the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) at UCSD, who will provide expertise and oversight on application drivers, grid and cluster computing, and data management; and UIC's Thomas A. DeFanti and Jason Leigh, who will provide expertise and oversight on networking, visualization and collaboration technologies. "Think of the OptIPuter as a giant graphics card, connected to a giant disk system, via a system bus that happens to be an extremely high-speed optical network," said DeFanti, a distinguished professor of computer science at UIC and co-director of the university's Electronic Visualization Laboratory. "One of our major design goals is to provide scientists with advanced interactive querying and visualization tools, to enable them to explore massive amounts of previously uncorrelated data in near real time." The OptIPuter project manager will be UIC's Maxine Brown. SDSC will provide facilities and services, including access to the NSF-funded TeraGrid and its 13.6 teraflops of cluster computing power distributed across four sites.
The project's broad multidisciplinary team will also conduct large-scale, application-driven system experiments. They will be carried out in close conjunction with two data-intensive e-science efforts already underway: NSF's EarthScope, and the Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). They will provide the application drivers to ensure a useful and usable OptIPuter design. Under co-PI Ellisman, UCSD's National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR) is driving the BIRN neuroscience application, with an emphasis on neuroimaging. Under the leadership of UCSD's Scripps Institution of oceanography's Deputy Director and Acting Dean John Orcutt, Scripps' Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics is leading the EarthScope geoscience effort, including acquisition, processing and scientific interpretation of satellite-derived remote sensing, near-real-time environmental, and active source data.
The OptIPuter is a "virtual" parallel computer in which the individual "processors" are widely distributed clusters; the "memory" is in the form of large distributed data repositories; "peripherals" are very-large scientific instruments, visualization displays and/or sensor arrays; and the "motherboard" uses standard IP delivered over multiple dedicated lambdas. Use of parallel lambdas will permit so much extra bandwidth that the connection is likely to be uncongested. "Recent cost breakthroughs in networking technology are making it possible to send multiple lambdas down a single piece of customer-owned optical fiber," said co-PI Papadopoulos. "This will increase potential capacity to the point where bandwidth ceases to be the bottleneck in the development of metropolitan-scale grids."
According to Cal-(IT)2's Smarr, grid-intensive applications "will require a large-scale distributed information infrastructure based on petascale computing, exabyte storage, and terabit networks." A petaflop is one-thousand-times faster than today's speediest parallel computers, which process one trillion floating-point operations per second (teraflops). An exabyte is a billion gigabytes of storage, and terabit networks will transmit data at one trillion bits per secondsome 20 million times faster than a dialup 56K Internet connection.
The southern California- and Chicago-based research teams already collaborate on large-scale cluster networking projects and plan to prototype the OptIPuter initially on campus, metropolitan and state-wide optical fiber networks (including the Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California's experimental developmental network CalREN-XD in California, and the Illinois Wired/Wireless Infrastructure for Research and Education [I-WIRE] in Illinois).
Private companies will also collaborate with university researchers on the project. IBM is providing systems architecture and performance help, and Telcordia Technologies will work closely with the network research teams to contribute its optical networking expertise. "The OptIPuter project has the potential for extraordinary innovations in both computing and networking, and we are pleased to be a part of this team of highly qualified and experienced researchers," said Richard S. Wolff, Vice President of Applied Research at Telcordia. Further, the San Diego Telecom Council, which boasts a membership of 300 telecom companies, has expressed interest in extending OptIPuter links to a variety of public- and private-sector sites in San Diego County.
The project will also fund what is expected to be the country's largest graduate-student program for optical networking research. The OptIPuter will also extend into undergraduate classrooms, with curricula and research opportunities to be developed for UCSD's new Sixth College, whose inaugural freshman class in Fall 2002 will be the first to benefit from the college's commitment to the use of ubiquitous connectivity technologies. Younger students will also be exposed to the vision of the OptIPuter, with field-based curricula concentrated on Lincoln Elementary School in suburban Chicago, and UCSD's Preuss School (a San Diego City charter school for grades 6-12, enrolling low-income, first-generation college-bound students).
Media Contacts:
Laura Wolf: laura@evl.uic.edu, 312-996-3002
Paul Tooby: ptooby@sdsc.edu , 858-822-3654
For more information on organizations involved in the OptIPuter project, visit the following websites:
California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology www.calit2.net
University of California, San Diego (UCSD) www.ucsd.edu
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research http://ncmir.ucsd.edu/
- San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) www.sdsc.edu
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) http://scripps.ucsd.edu
- Jacobs School of Engineering www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu
- UCSD Sixth College http://sixth.ucsd.edu/
- Preuss School http://preuss.ucsd.edu
University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) www.uic.edu
- Electronic Visualization Laboratory www.evl.uic.edu
- Laboratory for Advanced Computing www.lac.uic.edu
- I-WIRE www.iwire.org
Northwestern University (NU) www.nu.edu
- International Center for Advanced Internet Research www.icair.org
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering www.ece.northwestern.edu
San Diego State University (SDSU) www.sdsu.edu
University of Southern California www.usc.edu
- Information Sciences Institute www.isi.edu
University of California-Irvine www.uci.edu
- Department of Information and Computer Science, www.ics.uci.edu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering www.ece.uci.edu
IBM Corp. www.ibm.com
Telcordia Technologies, Inc. www.telcordia.com