Shrimp cocktails served in Japanese rivers

Kyoto, Japan -- A collaborative study, led by Hiromi Uno of Hokkaido University and Kyoto University, found that migratory shrimp contributed significantly to the nutrient quality of the streams as well as the oceans into which they flow. 

Various species of migratory shrimp were compared to aquatic insects in the quality and quantity of their bodily wastes, by examining benthic, or bottom-dwelling, invertebrates such as sponges and crabs, that feed off of the excretions. The team found that shrimp enriched the streams significantly more than the insects with nutrients in the form of ammonia and nitrates.

Aquatic animals such as salmon that migrate between oceans and streams are well researched for how they provide rich resources to their ecosystems. Studies on relatively smaller migratory species such as shrimp, on the other hand, have often been hidden under the water.

Uno notes, “Studying these nocturnal shrimps in their natural habitat was no easy task as they were tiny and hard to spot when we were conducting our fieldwork at night.”

Yet, these low-profile shrimp have been found to profoundly influence the stream ecosystem and affect both the biotic communities and the chemical composition of stream water.

"These inconspicuous shrimps made me think of the subtle balance in nature because of their important role in linking the ocean and freshwater ecosystems," comments Uno.

The team used a combination of field surveys, incubations, and experiments in distinct tributaries of four river systems in Wakayama prefecture to evaluate the ecological roles of such migratory shrimps in streams. 

The four species of shrimp studied were the more abundant omnivorous Paratya compressa and Caridina multidentate as well as the more carnivorous but less common Palaemon paucidens and Macrobrachium formosense.

This study highlights that stream-sea connectivity has an indirect but important impact on the stream's quality through the nutrient cycling by migratory aquatic animals. 

Integrative management of the landscape from land-stream-ocean perspectives is important in sustaining a balance in the natural processes. 

“The stream ecosystem processes can influence nutrient dynamics, supporting marine ecosystems,” Uno concludes.

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The paper "Direct and indirect effects of amphidromous shrimps on nutrient mineralization in streams in Japan" appeared on 22 December 2021 in Oecologia, with doi: 10.1038/s43587-021-00167-8

About Kyoto University

Kyoto University is one of Japan and Asia's premier research institutions, founded in 1897 and responsible for producing numerous Nobel laureates and winners of other prestigious international prizes. A broad curriculum across the arts and sciences at both undergraduate and graduate levels is complemented by numerous research centers, as well as facilities and offices around Japan and the world. For more information please see: http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en