GDP losses of 1997-98 El Niño (IMAGE) Dartmouth College Caption By 2003, lower-income tropical nations had experienced the greatest residual losses on gross domestic product (GDP) as a result of the 1997-98 El Niño. The color scale indicates percentage shift in GDP as a result of the 1997-98 El Niño, from the highest gain (blue) to the highest loss (red). Credit Chris Callahan Usage Restrictions N/A License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.