Figure 1. The workflow of the framework. (IMAGE) Science China Press Caption A, Collection of the DNA sequences obtained from high-throughput synthesis. The sequences were classified into easy-to-synthesize (blue) or difficult-to-synthesize (red). B, Graphical representations of DNA sequences: repeat, GC content, information entropy and other types of features. Key features were identified from these sequence features by machine learning methods. C, The XGBoost algorithm utilized to build the classification model and calculate the S-index. D, Methods used to interpret the model. The feature contributions were quantified according to the global importance scores and local SHAP explanations. e, Application of the S-index on a specific chromosome. The heatmap indicates the synthesis difficulties for the different fragments, which range from difficult (red) to easy (blue). The white sequences indicate the unanalyzed chromosome sequence. Credit ©Science China Press Usage Restrictions Use with credit. License Original content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.