Anatomy of the kidneys, liver and heart with the inferior vena cava, and surgical intervention to treat cancer (IMAGE)

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Anatomy of the kidneys, liver and heart with the inferior vena cava, and surgical intervention to treat cancer

Caption

In this illustration, a mass (depicted as jagged) is shown on a kidney (Level I, at left). The tumor extends up the inferior vena cava vein (blue) to the liver (Level III) and approaches the heart (Level IV). Surgical clamps to control the tumor are shown in red and yellow. A robotic surgical instrument is shown in black. Image courtesy Dharam Kaushik, MD/Journal of Urology.

Credit

Dharam Kaushik, MD/Journal of Urology

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