Formation of Misaligned and Aligned hot Jupiters (IMAGE)
Caption
An arrow at the bottom of the image indicates the age of the system increasing toward the right of the image from 1-10 Million years, to 10-100 Million years, to greater than 100 Million years. In the middle of the image, at left (1-10 Million years) there is a star surrounded by a disk of gas and dust. A planet is forming in it and migrating closer to the star. At 10-100 Million years the disk is gone and hot Jupiter has already arrived, and is on an aligned orbit. At the top of the figure, there is a planet forming in the disk at 1-10 Million years, but it forms further out than in the bottom panel. There is an arrow spanning the entire 10-100 Million years section. At more than 100 Million years, the planet is on an eccentric, misaligned orbit. A small amount of time later, the planet's orbit is circular and misaligned.
Credit
Jacob Hamer
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License
Original content