Filter Graphic (IMAGE) Rice University Caption A superhydrophilic filter produced at Rice University can remove more than 90 percent of contaminants from water used in hydraulic fracturing operations. In this image, 'produced' water from a Marcellus shale fracturing site is at left, the retentate (carbon removed from the feed) is at center, and filtered 'permeate' water is at right. The hydrophilic treatment keeps the filter from fouling and restricting flow while rejecting contaminants. Credit Barron Research Group/Rice University Usage Restrictions For news reporting purposes only. License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.