Example of MASS Image Processing (IMAGE) Botanical Society of America Caption Typical landmark processing and analysis stages utilized by MASS for Acer saccharum leaves. (A) Stages of image processing for maple tree leaf, displayed from the raw image of a leaf (left) to a normalized contour characterized by elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFD) to landmark representation (right). Two EFD outlines are provided in the middle panel, displaying results using N = 15 and N = 25 harmonics. (B) Stages of comparative analysis of leaf shape showing sample multiple leaf outlines generated using EFD (left), the generation of a mean leaf outline (center), and a representative average landmark set generated by Procrustes analysis of the population landmarks over 171 leaves (right). Credit Chuanromanee, T. S., J. I. Cohen, and G. L. Ryan. 2019. Morphological Analysis of Size and Shape (MASS): An integrative software program for morphometric analyses of leaves. <i>Applications</i> <i>in</i> <i>Plant</i> <i>Sciences</i> 7(9): e11288. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11288 Usage Restrictions Please cite the article: Chuanromanee, T. S., J. I. Cohen, and G. L. Ryan. 2019. Morphological Analysis of Size and Shape (MASS): An integrative software program for morphometric analyses of leaves. <i>Applications</i> <i>in</i> <i>Plant</i> <i>Sciences</i> 7(9): e11288. https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11288 Articles and materials published in <i>Applications in Plant Sciences</i> are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY-NC). License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.