Seismic Story (IMAGE) Brown University Caption A research team led by Brown University studied seismic velocities -- the speed of seismic waves -- in the Gulf of California to determine that a geological phenomenon known as dynamic upwelling occurs in the Earth's mantle as oceanic crust is formed. Credit Yun Wang, Brown University Usage Restrictions None License Licensed content Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.