A summary of the different types of disturbances that can be detected by monitoring the ionosphere and middle/upper atmosphere (IMAGE)
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The different major types of disturbances of the Sun-Earth system affecting the Earth’s environment can be detected via their imprints on the ionosphere and middle/upper atmosphere: space weather, terrestrial and solar magnetic field long-term variations, greenhouse gases emissions, global atmospheric electric circuit transients, seismic activity, atmospheric waves.
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