Schematic view showing the principle of the experiment (IMAGE)

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague)

Schematic view showing the principle of the experiment

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Schematic view showing the principle of the experiment that made it possible to visualize the sigma-hole on a bromine (Br) atom in a molecule using a specially modified tip of a scanning microscope functionalized with a single xenon (Xe) atom. Top: schematic view of the tip of the scanning microscope with single xenon (Xe) atom. Center: an experimental illustration of the sigma-hole acquired by means of a scanning microscope using the Kelvin probe principle. Bottom: electrostatic potential map depicting the sigma-hole (inhomogeneous atomic charge distribution on a bromine atom), which is formed by a positive charge on top of the atom (blue crown) surrounded by a negative electron plume (red field).

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